Ch7 - reflectional journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ch7 - reflectional diary - Essay Example The upsides of addressing in learning show that addresses trigger unique reasoning, support reflection, assemble internal comprehension, advance real information, and sustain united reasoning. When addressing, instructors ought to consider the structure of addressing with the goal that they can adjust the fittingness of the inquiries in the educating and learning process. Educator reactions impact successful learning process and are fundamental on the grounds that the instructor must consider the appropriate responses given by the students in an empowering way with the goal that the student can feel persuaded. Furthermore, the educator ought to react in a broad manner whereby he/she extends the student’s answer for better comprehension of the substance being inquired. Extension of a student’s reaction supports and rouses the student as in the student accomplishes a feeling of gratefulness and inside the correct way to finding the correct solution. At long last, the educator ought to likewise test when responding to leaners questions; this is whereby the instructor addresses further the appropriate responses given by the student. This strategy tests whether the student has comprehended the idea being found out. In summation, the creator focuses that educators ought to receive a suitable method of addressing and replying during the instructing and learning process with the goal that the targets of the exercise are exceptionally met making the instructing viable. In summation, the creator focuses that instructors ought to receive a fitting method of addressing and replying during the educating and learning process with the goal that the destinations of the exercise are exceptionally met making the educating

Nicholas Carr vs Steven Pinker Essay

There is no uncertainty about it that in today’s age the Internet is a standout amongst other marvelous manifestations imagined. By essentially having a PC, phone, tablet, ect, anybody and everybody can get to the Internet. Be that as it may, can this incredible yet basic creation drastically affect how the new age works today? The whole world is quickly getting fixated; wherever you look you’re bound to see something identified with the Internet. Web crawlers, messaging, twittering, blogging; to give some examples. We have all known about in any event one of those web neighborly applications. In any case, can those applications become excessively cordial to where they are an interruption to the youthful psyche? Will those applications ruin how the human cerebrum capacities? There are various contentions, perspectives and proclamations in regards to such a significant inquiry. Two journalists that I investigated share their sentiments and perspectives dependent on how the web has influenced others insight today. These two essayists pass by the name of Nicholas Carr and Steven Pinker. Without having any information on what the articles are around one just needs to peruse there titles to recognize the contrasts between the two. Where as Nicholas Carr’s article is named, â€Å"Does the Internet Make You Dumber? † Steven Pinker’s article is named, â€Å"Mind over Mass Media†. The two journalists have totally various kinds of titles however one can accept that they are reacting to a similar subject. After altogether perusing the two articles, Nicholas Carr and Steven Pinker have totally various perspectives when it boils down to how the web impacts others. Right off the bat, Nicholas Carr addresses intensely how in certainty the web makes you stupider. All through the article he gives instances of studies planned for indicating how the web doesn’t emphatically add to the mind by any stretch of the imagination. As expressed from the article Nicholas Carr clarifies how â€Å"People who read text studded with joins, grasp not exactly the individuals who read customary direct content. How, individuals who watch occupied interactive media introduction recollect not exactly the individuals who learn in a progressively quiet and centered manner†. Which are all truly clear that the impact that the web has on the brain is very extreme. Then again, Steven Pinker’s article emphatically differs at the way that the web influences the human mind. His protective focuses basically clarify how without the web a ton of today disclosures and new developments wouldn’t be conceivable. Likewise he shields the way that interruption or dependence is definitely not another marvel. Whether or not the web is a well known utility or not, interruption would in any case be a happening issue. It is cited: â€Å"If electronic media were dangerous to knowledge, the nature of science would fall. † Also, â€Å"Yes the consistent appearance of data bundles can be diverting or addictive, particularly to individuals with a lack of ability to concentrate consistently clutter. However, interruption is certifiably not another marvel. The arrangement isn't to moan about innovation yet to create systems of poise as we do with each other enticement throughout everyday life. † Steven Pinker is attempting to get the peruser to comprehend that the web doesn’t basically make you more moronic however it pivots at one’s ability to focus. Outside of the web interruptions are regular all over. One can get diverted by their activity, guardians, work, web, ect. In light of these interferences Steven Pinker’s makes it realized that all interruptions require discretion. In the event that one doesn’t have poise over an issue they will get dependent. Finally my exploration wasn’t over. It wouldn’t be correct on the off chance that I didn’t hear a third point of view to help give some additional investigation. A third author that I ran over was a lady named Sherry Turkle. Sherry Turkle has composed a well known novel named â€Å"Alone Together†. In the novel Alone Together creator Sherry Turkle clarifies a third totally unique worry on how innovation influences the normal American. This worry is concerning how people will wind up alone together on the grounds that innovation has separated up close and personal connections. That society hopes for something else from innovation and less from one another. Throughout the years Sherry Turkle has inspected how innovation has imperiled the genuine significance of hands on correspondence. Despite the fact that she doesn't specify how the web may meddle with learning or mind abilities she does even now presents other astoundingly significant variables. Taking everything into account, in correlation of the two essential articles that I investigated I would at last need to concur with the Nicholas Carr piece. I feel as though the Nicholas Carr piece will persuade more individuals. His article contrasted with Steven Pinker’s has a ton of authentic examinations and realities. His investigations included one led at Cornell University, where they directed the PC experience, which analyzed the impact of understudies who examined using the conventional technique for the library and the individuals who read utilizing the PC for research, with the end that the individuals who contemplated utilizing the library grades were higher; concentrates from Stanford where they led a performing various tasks preliminary, likewise, concentrates from the University of California in San Francisco where they led a cerebrum test. Where, Steven Pinker’s article puts on a show of being a feeling piece with next to zero foundation data or supporting references. I would need to accept that the brain is in truth over broad communications yet Steven Pinker’s article doesn’t protect his title emphatically by any stretch of the imagination. In this way, leaving me with the end that the web is a significant interruption, can ruin how I think carefully appropriately, and can endanger my in person relational abilities that I have accessible.

Analysis of the Social Responsibilities in Business Free Essays

Social obligation is the idea that business is a piece of the bigger society wherein it exists and should in this way demonstration such that propels the firm, yet additionally serves the general public. Like never before firms are being tested to coordinate social duties in to their tasks. Numerous organizations presently accept that social obligation to be much more than allowing cash to local gatherings or chipping in their chance to associations †despite the fact that these are both significant ways that organizations bolster the network. We will compose a custom paper test on Examination of the Social Responsibilities in Business or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Today, business pioneers perceive that a guarantee to corporate social obligation can give particular favorable position in drawing in and holding representatives, managing providers and controllers, fortifying client connections and giving positive comes back to financial specialists. Let us investigate a portion of the social obligation issues and dissect how organizations are indicating their social duty. Around the globe there are loads of ecological worries that challenge organizations to be better worldwide residents. Driving organizations realize that playing a solid job in securing nature improves the proficiency of tasks and sets aside cash, having a constructive outcome on colleagues, clients and financial specialists. Let us perceive how socially dependable organizations are reacting to the natural concerns. Delphi Automotive Systems is devoted to securing human wellbeing, regular assets and the worldwide condition. For Delphi, a guarantee to natural administration is a basic business procedure. Delphi has confirmed 15 of its worldwide assembling locales under ISO 14001, a worldwide standard that perceives offices that have frameworks set up to proactively oversee and decrease their ecological effect. The organization is progressing in the direction of gaining this accreditation for every one of the 168 of its assembling offices around the globe throughout the following three years. John Jaffurs, executive, Delphi ecological administrations, states, â€Å"We need to officially coordinate our natural administration into the objectives of the business. Delphi is utilizing ISO 14001 and different apparatuses as a methods for making a complete ecological administration framework. This will permit us to incorporate operational ecological issues legitimately into future arranging. † Delphi’s association in decreasing the automobile’s ecological effect started over 30 years prior with the presentation of the principal exhaust systems. Delphi attempts to diminish emanations, increment mileage, decline vehicle mass and upgrade the recyclability of its items. Delphi additionally accepts that the decrease or disposal of materials can go far in helping nature. Delphi’s E-STEER Electric Power Steering lessens the quantity of seals and absolutely wipes out the force directing liquid, hoses and siphon from the force controlling framework. In 1995, 75 percent of all vehicles sold (around 27 million) were outfitted with conventional force guiding and conveyed an expected 40 million liters of water driven liquid. This new innovation can bring about a critical decrease in crude materials, which implies less material to reuse or arrange after the life of the item. E-STEER additionally decreases vitality request by up to 80 percent, bringing about improved mileage and diminished vehicle discharges. E-STEER got the 1999 PACE (Premier Automotive Suppliers’ Contribution of Excellence) grant from Automotive News and Ernst Young LLP, which perceives car providers who have exceeded expectations in adjusting and reexamining their organizations and their items to satisfy the developing needs of their clients †the world’s major car makers. E-STEER is only one case of the numerous creative item innovations Delphi can offer to give ecological answers for its clients. As per the American Lung Association, engine vehicle discharges represent around 77 ercent of the carbon monoxide (CO), more than 35. 6 percent of the unpredictable natural mixes (counting hydrocarbons) and around 45 percent of the nitrogen oxides (NOx) in our nation’s air. In light of this, vehicle makers like GM, Ford and Honda are currently delivering and showcasing cleaner-consuming vehicles controlled by power, interchange powers or a mix of the two. Tree huggers like to allude to these as â€Å"green cars† on the grounds that they speak to an earth mindful approach to go in style. Legislators, then again, have started to see the potential for tending to bigger issues. Prior this year, Representative Robert T. Matsui (D-CA) presented enactment that would offer up to $5,000 every year in customer charge credits to individuals with green vehicles. Considering this, GM thought of its condition well disposed â€Å"EV1†, Ford with its â€Å"Ranger† and Honda with its â€Å"Insight†. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), the nation’s biggest power maker, has declared that it will start test-promoting elective vitality sources as ahead of schedule as one year from now. As stage one of the TVA’s Green Power Program, the test will use wind, sun powered and landfill gas vitality sources to produce approximately three to six megawatts of intensity. Eight wholesalers, speaking to each of the seven of the Tennessee Valley Public Power Association’s areas, have consented to take part in the test. On the off chance that the test is effective, TVA clients could see full-scale usage before the finish of 2003. The Green Power Program is the first of its sort in the Southeast. In related news, the TVA got word June 18 that the Department of Energy (DOE) has endorsed a proposition from the Virginia Alliance for Solar Electricity (VASE) to give coordinating subsidizing to the Green Power Program. The TVA’s promoting plan for Green Power speaks to the products of an other vitality activity that started in January 1998. Around then, the TVA requested and got 22 recommendations for adding sustainable power generators to its vitality creation offices. Beginning exploration additionally uncovered that 84 percent of TVA clients supported a green force alternative. In the fall of 1998, the TVA held seven open discussions that further affirmed the requirement for a Green Power. Members incorporated a few individuals from the ecological network, utility administrators, vitality specialists, medicinal services associations and agents from citizens’ gatherings. After the discussions, the TVA shaped the â€Å"multi-premium team† that was in the end liable for the 2000 test-advertising plan. As the relationship of U. S. investor possessed electric utilities, Edison Electric Institute (EEI) works with key partner gatherings, including controllers, administrators and part organizations, to accomplish natural greatness. EEI’s Climate Challenge program is an intentional exertion made in association with the Department of Energy in light of worries about worldwide environmental change, says representative Jim Owen. Until this point, in excess of 600 electric utilities partake in the program, which implies they have vowed to sequester or maintain a strategic distance from 170 million metric huge amounts of carbon dioxide and other ozone harming substances in the year 2000. This is multiple occasions the first objective set up by the administration in 1993. While some Climate Challenge endeavors are embraced by singular utilities, there are five industry-wide activities set up also. These incorporate Envirotech Investment Funds, which give investment to developing sustainable advancements; the Utility Forest Carbon Management program, which finances tree planting and woodland the board extends; the National Earth Comfort Program, which advances geothermal warmth siphons; EV America, which brings electric vehicles into the commercial center; and International Utility Efficiency Partner-ships, which bolster joint tasks with outside utilities and governments to give effectiveness of new or existing force frameworks. As indicated by the Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration, electric utilities speak to just about 85 percent of the intentional activities to decrease, keep away from or sequester ozone harming substances. What's more, electric utilities have gained noteworthy ground in reestablishing oceanic territories, ensuring imperiled species and producing sustainable power source, says Owen Bridging the hole among school and work is another basic connection that organizations are concentrating on. The national association Jobs for the Future (JFF) was established in 1983 to help get ready tomorrow’s workforce and smooth the progress from school to work. Ford†s Contribution in creating tomorrow’s workforce Ford Foundation, is an activity that tries to make a quantifiable increment in occupations, riches, administrations and other network framework through expanded corporate association in network financial turn of events. JFF works with the initiative’s numerous accomplices, whose aggregate understanding and skill spread network and financial turn of events, national and global business and instruction to accomplish these objectives. One of JFF’s major corporate accomplices is the Ford Motor Company. The two associations have built up a relationship in which they trade aptitude and experience that permit both to upgrade their individual projects. â€Å"In today’s quickly evolving economy, schools alone can't adequately get ready youngsters for a fruitful future,† clarifies Hilary Pennington, leader of Jobs for the Future. â€Å"Academic guidelines are just piece of the condition. Youngsters need the opportunity to apply what they’ve figured out how to new circumstances, and what occurs in reality is difficult to recreate in school. We attempt to fabricate associations among organizations and schools to give kids chances to grow their learning experience. The Ford program is an awesome

Bharti Enterprises Essay Example for Free

Bharti Enterprises Essay Guaranteeing that the look and feel of the store is according to rules/measures Ensuring/revealing Inventory and Stock accessibility according to the standards to forestall stock-outs Provide proposals/input to improve store profitability People Development/Team Management: Acting as a tutor and mentor for store staff To guarantee every day roistering preparation to inbound outbound store staff Customer Experience: Manage staff designation dependent on request at point in time Personally step in to deal with requesting clients Provide recommendations for enhancements in CE 4. A. On Diversity and Cultural spread in Africa, As Africa comprises of 53 nations, to work effectively it is imperative to comprehend the elements of every nation, remembering contrasts for culture, language and particularly guidelines. Bharti would do well to set up as hardly any exiles as could be expected under the circumstances and have the vast majority of its top administration from Africa. b. On Infrastructure sharing and cost/capital issues, The greatest driver of system sharing will be the move in approach of the greatest administrators, who had been reluctant to share system to support upper hand. There is obvious system partaking in the business sectors of Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa, and this is probably going to get in different markets. c. On Bharti Airtel’s Minute Factor Model, Network sharing and IT re-appropriating would assist administrators with cutting down expenses. While expenses could slant down, anyway they will be higher than in India as a result of a portion of the basic expenses brought about by power deficiency and poor foundation. 5. Bharti Airtel has a past filled with making first moves and rising as the champ therefore. This is the thing that fabricated the company’s accomplishment in India, where it remains the top MNO and second-biggest fixed-line administrator. Truth be told, because of the gigantic market it serves at home, at the time it procured the Zain portfolio in March 2010 Airtel was figured to be the fifth biggest versatile administrator on the planet on a corresponding endorser premise, putting it behind any semblance of China Mobile, Vodafone Group, American Movil and Telefonica, yet in front of China Unicom. As has been generally secured for longer than a year at this point, Airtel has been taking a gander at Africa as another development advertise. While it has an arrangement with Vodafone for the Channel Islands, Africa is the main other domain outside the Indian subcontinent (counting Bangladesh and Sri Lanka) that the organization has entered. The shared traits are convincing: comparable markets, needs and foundation. The real factors on the ground are to some degree all the more testing: coordinations, administrative consistence and genuine nearby rivalry being chief. The coordinations of foundation in Africa are an equivalent test for all MNOs. That is guaranteed. Where Airtel may have been excessively idealistic is in trusting its Africa model would run comparatively to its accomplishment in India, in light of a first-to-showcase approach and having some influence to beat authoritative snags. Shockingly, while Airtel has a 30-year history of being first in Quite a while (with pushbutton telephones, cordless telephones and afterward portable), they were not first in Africa. There were significant EU, Middle East and South African players there in front of them. Indeed, Airtel’s African development is to a great extent because of its takeover of Kuwait’s Zain portable tasks in 15 nations. This was a foothold, not a victory. Zain just held prevailing piece of the pie in a couple of nations. Going toward showcase pioneers, for example, MTN of South Africa, Airtel applied a technique of broad cost cutting. This followed on what it accomplished in India, giving a break with Ericsson for per-minute charges (instead of forthright installment) that empowered minimal effort call rates from the beginning. Airtel has an all-Africa, five-year manage Ericsson for arrange the board that offers comparative focal points. Somewhere else, Airtel is locked in with Nokia Siemens Networks and Huawei, not keeping all its investments tied up on one place, obviously. As a Plan B, perhaps following on the ambivalent result of Airtel’s ease attack, the organization has recently been arranging a takeover of or (possibly) a joint endeavor with MTN itself. How this putative arrangement is depicted relies upon which organization is talking. This has been continuing for about four years without an authoritative closure. Regardless of whether it never occurs, it is a sign of exactly what Airtel would consider to get its Africa activities really settled.

Using Tree Anatomy and Physiology for Identification

Utilizing Tree Anatomy and Physiology for Identification Trees are among the earths generally helpful and lovely results of nature. Trees have been vital to mankinds endurance. The oxygen we breath is discharged by trees and different plants; trees forestall disintegration; trees give food, asylum, and material for creatures and man. Around the world, the quantity of tree species may surpass 50,000. With this stated, I might want to point you toward a path that will assist you with distinguishing and name the 100 generally basic of 700 tree species that are local to North America. Somewhat yearning, perhaps, however this is one little advance toward utilizing the Internet to find out about trees and their names. Goodness, and you could very well need to consider making a leaf assortment as you study this ID direct. A leaf assortment will turn into a perpetual field manual for trees you have recognized. Figure out How To Make a Tree Leaf Collection and use it as your own reference for future distinguishing pieces of proof. What is a tree? Lets start with the meaning of a tree. A tree is a woody plant with a solitary erect enduring trunk in any event 3 creeps in breadth at bosom stature (DBH). Most trees have certainly shaped crowns of foliage and achieves statures more than 13 feet. Interestingly, a bush is a little, low developing woody plant with numerous stems. A vine is a woody plant that relies upon an erect substrate to develop on. Simply realizing a plant is a tree, instead of a vine or a bush, is the first step in quite a while ID. ID is actually very basic on the off chance that you utilize these next three makes a difference: Discover what your tree and its parts watch like.Find out if your tree will or wont develop in a specific locale. Locate a key . Tips: Collecting a branch as well as leaf or potentially natural product will help you in the following conversations. On the off chance that you are extremely productive, you have to make an assortment of wax paper leaf pressings. Here is How to Make a Wax Paper Leaf Pressing. In the event that you have a typical leaf yet dont know the tree - utilize this Tree Finder! On the off chance that you have a typical leaf with a normal outline - utilize this Leaf Silhouette Image Gallery! In the event that you dont have a leaf and dont know the tree - utilize this torpid Winter Tree Finder! Utilizing Tree Parts and Natural Ranges for Species Identification Help #1 - Find out what your tree and its parts resemble. Tree plant parts like leaves , blossoms , bark , twigs , shape , and organic product are completely used to distinguish tree species. These markers are novel - and in blend - can make brisk work of recognizing a tree. Hues, surfaces, smells, and even taste will likewise help in finding the name of a specific tree. You will discover reference to these ID markers in the connections I have given. You may likewise need to utilize my Tree ID Glossary for terms used to depict the markers. See Parts of a Tree Help #2 - Find out if your tree will or wont develop in a specific region. Tree species are not dispersed indiscriminately yet are related with one of a kind natural surroundings. This is another approach to assist you with recognizing a trees name. You can (however not generally) wipe out trees that dont regularly live wild in the timberland where your tree lives. There are one of a kind timber types situated all through North America. The northern coniferous timberlands of tidies and firs stretch out across Canada and into the northeastern United States and down the Appalachian Mountains. You will discover one of a kind hardwood animal types in the eastern deciduous woods , pine in the woodlands of the South, Tamarack in the lowlands of Canada, the Jack pine in the Great Lakes area , the Doug Fir of the Pacific Northwest , the Ponderosa Pine timberlands of the southern Rockies. Help #3 - Find a key. Numerous wellsprings of ID utilize a key. A dichotomous key is an instrument that permits the client to decide the character of things in the normal world, for example, trees, wildflowers, warm blooded animals, reptiles, shakes, and fish. Keys comprise of a progression of decisions that lead the client to the right name of a given thing. Dichotomous methods partitioned into two sections. In this way, dichotomous keys consistently give two decisions in each step.My Tree Finder is a leaf key. Get yourself a tree, gather or photo a leaf or needle and utilize this basic key style discoverer to distinguish the tree. This tree discoverer is intended to assist you with distinguishing most regular North American trees at any rate to the family level. I am sure you can likewise choose the specific species with the connections gave and a little research. Here is another incredible tree key you can use from Virginia Tech: A Twig Key - utilized during tree torpidity when leaves are not accessible... Online Tree Identification You presently have genuine data to help recognize and name almost any tree in North America. The issue is finding a particular source portraying a particular tree. Fortunately I have discovered locales that help in recognizing explicit trees. Audit these destinations for more data on tree recognizable proof. On the off chance that you have a specific tree that needs a name, start directly here: A Tree Leaf KeyAn distinguishing proof field direct that encourages you rapidly and effectively recognize 50 significant conifers and hardwoods utilizing their leaves. Top 100 North American TreesA vigorously connected manual for conifers and hardwoods. VT Dendrology Home PageVirginia Techs magnificent site. Gymnosperm Database at Conifers.orgA extraordinary site on conifers by Christopher J. Lord.

FREE FOOD!

FREE FOOD! This morning I got a frantic call from my mother. MOM: Is it true? ME: What? MOM: Youre not really kicked out of MIT, were you? ME: Yeah, Ive already returned my MIT mug to the Coop. MOM: THATS NOT FUNNY. Okay, so, in retrospect it may not have been the best idea to freak my mother out, seeing as she already has high blood pressure. (Tomorrow morning Ill be getting another phone call: THAT IS A FAMILY SECRET!) But guys, Im really not leaving MIT. Not yet, anyway. Well see once classes start on Wednesday. (Im still kidding! Oh man, Im a terrible daughter.) The article was created at The Tech booth at the Activities Fair, where they took anyones picture and name and stuck it in seamlessly. (The gender pronouns didnt come out too well, though.) While the article itself is not true, I will say the picture very much is, and I did enjoy all the ridiculous amounts of free food I got this week. In that particular picture Im eating cake (white with buttercream, to be technical, because I miss my job) also from The Tech booth, as well as popcorn from the Lecture Series Committee. Im working off of a breakfast of granola bars and passion fruit icees from the Health Faire, too. All the meals during Discover Mechanical Engineering were entirely paid for (as was the program itself), which included a night out to Bartleys. On the first day of Orientation Susan Hockfield spoke in Killian Court while we munched on bagels and muffins; later there was free food in our dining halls for the rest of the day. One late night Colin 10 and I walked into New House and were caught completely by surprise by blueberry Eggos and pancakes. Tuesday brought a party at the Stata center hosted by several of MIT students groups that included face painting, belly dancing, and of course, more food; and dont forget that last night the entire class of 2010 got down on the tiniest dance floor floating down the Charles River, working off the pizza, nachos and smoothies provided in part by SaveTFP, as well as the free dessert. Basically, Jason 09 (one of the guys who drove the free freshman shuttle from the airport) said it best: If youre paying for food in the first three weeks, youre do ing something wrong. Orientation lasts around a week, during which you go to events to (for lack of a better word) orient you with being an MIT student. Free food aside, its pretty easy to have a great time, since classes havent started yet. More than that, though, it helps you realize just how many opportunities MIT students are privy to. The Academics Midway provided information about all the majors, as well as internships and job fairs, through which I wandered wide-eyed and bushy-tailed and continued to have no idea what I was doing with my life. Over a hundred student groups were present at the Activities Midway alone, where I got information about everything from the hippocratic society (complete with Skittle pills) to chocolate science. At the same time, youre meeting so many new people, who are so friendly and ready to help you out. For women, there are spa parties, movie nights, and information sessions almost every night about having a uterus at MIT. And of course, these opportunities all came with free food. Free food was also present at Next House dorm rush, where all the freshmen were taken around the dorm to check out the different wings each with members of the wing talking about what its like to live there, stereotypes of the wing, etc etc. including serving free food from smoothies to red bean buns. After we toured, we were put in random order from 1-136 and allowed to pick a room with our roommate, if we had one. Thanks to a pretty low number in the lottery, Im in an excellent double with the view of the river, right near the bathroom and the elevator, in 3rd East. After we got ourselves into a wing, they took us out for dinner, from pizza to Greek food. Its been a good week for my stomach. Frat rush also started today. Which means events from paintballing to go-kart racings. And especially, more free food for me, even though Im not pledging (as much as I may want to). Which means nothing, not even this dismal weather weve been having, can get me down. Take that, weather machine. (Its said theres a weather machine that makes it warm and beautiful when the prefrosh are at MIT and cold and ugly when they leave; apparently it rained during CPW, so maybe the weather machine is broken anyway. Problem is, this weather is like winter for me. Boston weather is going to destroy me faster than Yoshimi battling pink robots.)

Language and Religion in T.S. Eliots The Four Quartets - Literature Essay Samples

The poem The Four Quartets by T. S. Eliot illustrates an intricate link between the various problems and limitations of language and those of religious thought. This direct relationship is expressed through the poems first two quartets, Burnt Norton and East Coker, which see the poet struggling with both the meanings and perceptions of language and of religious beliefs. In order to fully understand the various problems of language, it is first necessary to examine the variety of linguistic styles used in this poem. The first, most striking feature of the poem is its title, Four Quartets, which invokes a sense of musicality. Indeed, we find an orchestration of a variety of styles and voices throughout the poem. The first movement of Burnt Norton introduces us to the voice of a philosopher in deep meditation about the past, the future, and what might have been as the poet begins with the rather enigmatic lines, Time present and time past/ Are both perhaps present in time future (Burnt Norton, I, ll. 1-2) The second stanza appears to break completely from the previous style and voice as we see the experience in the rose-garden described with emotive words and repetitions to show excitement. The many adjectives such as vibrant and dignified indicate the rather descriptive language in this passage, which may be contrasted with the thoughtful and abstract language used in the opening stanza. The poem also uses several lines of old English such as daunsinge, signifying matrimonie (East Coker, I, line 30). This continues for the next four lines to show not only the great variety in language, but also to depict its significant evolution. The idea of the evolution of language introduces the theme of time, which concerns the cyclical nature of language, life, and death. Eliot, at the beginning of East Coker, states, In my beginning is my end, which suggests that life and death are two sides of the same idea of existence. The life cycle of societies is also constantly giv ing birth to change, as Eliot claims that the old is always made new. This implies that human life is both finite and eternal: when we die, we are survived by our relatives and succeeded by the next generation. While Eliots description of change refers directly to life, it can also easily be seen as a metaphor for the evolution and ever-changing temperament of language. This is particularly evident as the poem states that old things are removed, destroyed, restored or in their place/ Is an open field, or a factory, or a by-pass (East Coker, I, ll. 3-4). Thus, the meanings and implications of words constantly change over time, creating problems of interpretation. This is displayed through the passages juxtaposition of religious and secular ideas to create the same image. We are first introduced to the image of a Christian burial scene as the poem states, Old fires to ashes, and ashes to the earth (East Coker, I, l. 6). This is soon contrasted with the pragmatic view that there is a t ime for everythingeverything finds its true form and significance in time. However, this practical view is somewhat unclear because it appears that even in a non-religious universe, there is a higher being controlling human life in the form of time. Eliots struggle against and his attempts to harness this higher being leave him distressed as he protests that words, will not stay in place/ Will not say still (Burnt Norton, V, l. 17). The disrupting impact of time is again mentioned as Eliot explains that to write is to start afresh each time. This is a problem because while one learns the proper uses of a word, it either ceases to exist or the transforming effect of time has changed its context and meaning completely. The first two quartets also bring forth the issue of interpretation, and the problems of language, religion, and knowledge appear connected due to religious distrust of language. The particular religious belief adopted by Eliot is that of apophaic or negative theology , which states that we must acknowledge our own powerlessness in order to reach the higher ground. Eliot first mentions this belief in the first movement of Burnt Norton, where he speaks of transcendence through suffering. The third movement of East Coker sees Eliot tell his soul to be calm and Let the dark come upon you/ Which shall be the darkness of god (East Coker, III, ll. 12-13). This juxtaposition of ideas implies that in order to reach higher, we must first reach downwards. The positive and the negative do not merely coexist, but are the same. This form of belief creates problems of interpretation, as we are offered two contrasting yet complementary arguments. The danger in such coexistence was perhaps best described by poet W. B. Yeats, who warned of a distinct wavering between radically different points of view. The juxtaposition of the two different paths to transcendence portrayed in apophaic theology may also describe the problems of language. Eliot constantly refers t o both old and new language, which suggests that he believes that the only way to achieve literary transcendence is to combine the old and new forms of language to form a whole. Thus, due to the coexisting religious and literary views, we are faced with not only an ambiguity of meanings but also a murky argument on how to achieve spiritual enlightenment. Eliots attitude toward language also appears to have been affected by his religious beliefs. Negative theologians view words as having a tendency to favor positive affirmations, not developing negative perspectives with equal depth. The poet, from the very beginning, appears skeptical and even cynical about whether we can ever extract concrete meaning from words. This uncertainty is seen first in Burnt Norton as Eliot states, What might have been is an abstraction/ Remaining a perpetual possibility (Burnt Norton, I, ll. 6-7). While this refers to missed chances, it may also be regarded as a meditation on the interpretation of lang uage. Each person can extract a different meaning from words, which makes communicating a particular view or idea problematic. The limitations of our knowledge are also reflected through the restrictions of language. The poem displays genuine doubt about whether any experience may be trusted. This is expressed in the depiction of the events at the rose-garden. While it is presented as the strongest example of true experience in the two quartets, its various mythical allusions, such as the bird in the garden, make it somewhat heightened and therefore imaginary. The language used to describe the scenery, which contained many repetitions to show excitement and a wide variety of adjectives, may be described as lacking the poignancy of a definite individual experience. The problems of language, knowledge, and religion are further intertwined due to their reliance on some sort of form to give them meaning and significance. At the beginning of the fifth movement of Burnt Norton, Eliot sta tes that Only by the form, the pattern,/ Can words or music reach/ The stillness as a Chinese jar (Burnt Norton, V, ll. 4-6). This suggests that words may only have meaning and importance when placed into some context or structure. This dependence on context only adds to the problems of interpretation, since with the change of time and therefore context, the meanings of words are altered at times beyond recognition. Thus, Eliot gives the example of how the word of God, which is meant to be respected, can be shifted by the noise and extroverted shows of emotion in the wrong context. The contextual problem facing language may also be applied to knowledge and, ultimately, divine knowledge. This is expressed through Eliots continued meditation on the effects of time in Burnt Norton, where he states that any experience or instance such as that in the rose-garden requires context and time in order to Be remembered; involved with past and future (Burnt Norton, I, l. 92). Therefore, all kno wledge and understanding must be placed in time in order to examine its value and truth. However, this notion itself is rather cyclical: the poet claims, after many attempts to make a particular moment timeless, that time is the only thing that can control itself. Thus Eliots meditations on time show the fundamental confines of our knowledge and the language that we use to convey that knowledge. Eliot, in his preoccupation with the problems of language, views the changes in meaning and use of words as both distracting and frustrating. The interweaving of the seasons depicted in East Coker reveals this confusion and chaos as the poet views this scenery as a sign not of peace and orderbut of disorder and anarchy. Eliots dissatisfaction at the fickle behavior of language is further developed as he complains that a poem rarely remains as it was intended because the changing meanings of words alter the entire value of the work. The constant transformation of language creates problems of duplicity of words seen through Eliots description of the place of disaffection in the third movement of Burnt Norton. This passage illustrates a world between the two extremes of day and night. Eliot suggests that descending to this level is the beginning of transcendence: the dim light has the ability to transform shadow into transient beauty (Burnt Norton, III, l. 5). Thus the limitations of language are used to convey a religious message that encourages us to reach into the darkest parts of our soul in order to ultimately reach divine transcendence. Eliot also uses this duplicity of language to his advantage in the fourth movement of East Coker with an extended metaphor likening the sacrifice of Jesus to the work of surgeons. The poet uses a wide range of opposing words, as exemplified in the sentence Our only health is the disease, to show the two faces of language and the extraction of their meanings. He also uses two very different images, one religious and one temporal, to put forth the idea that to descend is to transcend. Therefore the problems of language and religion appear to weigh equally in Eliots thoughts, and the two issues are dependent on one another. Language requires context and time to render it meaningful, while religion relies on the often flawed language system to convey its messages. Thus, the imperfection of language only seems to make religious thought more unpredictable and ambiguous, creating a rather confused world where the truth is ever elusive.